The Prime Minister of Bangladesh and The Acting President

The Acting President and the Prime Minister of Bangladesh

"Your Excellency,

We have just learnt with deep shock of the dastardly attack launched against your country by the military junta of Pakistan on the afternoon of the 3 rd of December. This latest manifestation of Yahya Khan's reckless violation of international covenants is the final proof of his determination to subject the countries of this sub-continent to tensions, destruction and socio-economic ferment. The people of Bangladesh were conscious of the above inclinations of the Government of West Pakistan and they launched their struggle for freedom nearly nine months ago. We had sent communications to Your Excellency on the 15th of October and 23rd of November explaining the realities of the situation and our determination to fight the military junta of Pakistan till the complete defeat of the occupation forces is accomplished.

The aggression committed by Yahya and his Generals on your country makes it all the more necessary that the people of India and the people of Bangladesh stand shoulder to shoulder to repel the aggressors and fight for democracy and freedom and the values we cherish in common.Madam Prime Minister, we have the honour to inform you that in view of the direct aggression committed by Pakistan against your country on the 3rd of December, the freedom forces of Bangladesh are ready to fight the aggressive forces of Pakistan in Bangladesh in any sector or in any from. Out joint stand against military machinations of Pakistan would be further facilitated, if we enter into formal diplomatic relations with each other.

May we, therefore, repeal our request to Your Excellency that the Government of India to Your Excellency that the Government of India accord immediate recognition to our country and our Government. We should like to take this opportunity to assure Your Excellency that the Government and the people of Bangladesh stand solidly with you in this hour of peril and danger to both countries.

It is our earnest hope that our joint resistance to the nefarious plans and intentions of President Yahya Khan will he brought to a successful conclusion.We assure Your Excellency of our Government's full support in your just struggle against the aggressor.

Renewing Your Excellency, the assurances of our highest esteem.

Sd/-

Syed Nazrul Islam

Sd/-

Tajuddin Ahmad

On behalf of the freedom loving and struggling people of Bangladesh, the Prime Minister of Bangladesh conveyed the following message to the Prime Minister of India and to the Government and the friendly people of India:

"On behalf of the freedom loving and struggling people of Bangladesh, the Government of Bangladesh, as well as on our own behalf, may we convey to you and through you to the Government and the friendly people of India our deep sense of grateful appreciation not only for the act of recognition of our country but also for the kind sentiments and deep conviction expressed in your communications informing us of the decision of your country to recognize ours. We reciprocate your sentiments to the full and share fully your convictions. We can assure you that the bold and decisive action taken by you and your Government not only in recognizing our country but also in actively assisting us in achieving our liberation has had the deepest possible impression on our people.We have been flooded with reports about the great joy and enthusiasm with which your decision was welcomed by our people who have been suffering so long under the intolerable tyranny of Pakistan.

We have received eyewitness reports from all over Bangladesh testifying to the tumultuous welcome given to the friendly and assisting forces of India wherever they have gone, co-operating with and supporting our forces in our struggle for liberation. The response of our people has been so spontaneous and so spectacular that we feel compelled to ensure that their present agony and anguish are brought to an end at the earliest possible time. We, therefore, request you to accelerate your assistance to us so that the entire people of Bangladesh spearheaded by our fighting young man can crush the last remnant of Pakistan occupation and breathe the air of freedom very soon.'

'The message of the Prime Minster of Bangladesh to the Prime Minister of India and to the Government and the friendly people of India. The content of the letter is reproduced below on record for historical reason:

"Lip service was paid to the need for a political solution, but not a single worthwhile step was taken to bring this about. Instead, the rulers of West Pakistan went ahead holding farcical elections to seals, which had been arbitrarily declared vacant.There was not even a whisper that anyone from the outside world had tried to have contact with Mujibur Rahman. Our earnest plea that Sheikh Mujibur Rahman should be released, or that, even if he were to be kept under detention, contact with him night be established, was not considered practical on the ground that the U.S. could not urge policies, which might lead to the overthrow of President Yahya Khan. While the United Stated recognized that Mujib was a core factor in the situation and that unquestionably in the long run Pakistan must acquiesce in the direction of greater economy for East Pakistan,arguments were advanced to demonstrate- the fragility of the situation and of Yahya Khan's difficulty.

Mr. President, may I ask you in all sincerity: Was the release or even secret negotiations with a single human being, namely, Sheikh Mujibur Rahman, more disastrous than the waging of a war?The fact of the matter is that the rulers of West Pakistan got away with the impression that they could do what they liked because no one, not even the United States, would choose to take a public position that while Pakistan's integrity was certainly sacrosanct, human rights, liberty, were no less so and that there was a necessary inter-connection between the inviolability of States and the contentment of their people.

Mr. President, despite the continued defiance by the rulers of Pakistan of the most elementary facts of life, we would still have tried our hardest to restrain the mounting pressure we had for nine months, and war could have been prevented, had the rulers of Pakistan not launched a massive attack on us by bombing our airfields in Amritsar, Pathankot, Srinagar, Avantipur, Uttarlai, Jodhpur, Ambala and Agra in the broad day light on December 3, 1971 at a time when I was away in Calcutta, my colleague the Defense Minister, was in Patna and was due to leave further to Ban galore in the South, and another senior colleague of mine, the Finance Minister, was in Bombay.

The fact that this initiative was taken at this particular time of our absence from then Capital showed perfidious intentions. In the lace of this, could we simply sit hack trusting that the rulers of Pakistan, or those who were advising them, had peaceful, constructive and reasonable intent?We are asked what we want. We seek nothing for ourselves. We do not want any territory of what was East Pakistan and now constitutes Bangla Desh. We do not want any territory of West Pakistan. We do want lasting peace with Pakistan. But will Pakistan give up its ceaseless and yet pointless agitation of the last 24 years over Kashmir? Are they willing to give up there hate campaign and posture of perpetual hostility towards India? How many times in the last 24 years have my father and I offered a pact of non-aggression to Pakistan? It is a matter of recorded history that each time such offer was made, Pakistan rejected it out of hand.We are deeply hurt by the innuendos and insinuations that it was we who have precipitated the crisis and have thwarted the emergence of solutions. I do not really know who is responsible for this calumny. During my visit to the United States, United Kingdom, France, Germany, Austria and Belgium, the point I emphasised, publicity as well as privately, was the immediate need for a political settlement. We waited nine months for it.

When Dr. Kissinger came in August 1971, I had emphasised to him the importance of seeking an early political settlement. But we have not received, even to this day, the barest framework of a settlement, which would take into account the facts as they are and not as we imagine them to be.Be that as it may, it is my earnest and sincere hope that with all the knowledge and deep understanding of human affairs you, as President of United States and reflecting the will, the aspirations and idealism of the great American people, will at least let me know where precisely we have gone wrong before your representatives or spokesmen deal with us with such harshness of language. With regards and best wishes,

Yours sincerely,

INDIRA GANDHI"

In A year, Six Season in Bangladesh

Barsa (June to August) Rainy Season
In Bangladesh, which has both the world's largest delta system and the greatest flow of river water to the sea, water rules the earth, and so the most important season of all is barsa, a time of lashing rains and tearing winds. In this season, 70 percent of the land is under water – water from rivers, the sea, rain, tidal waves, floods and the melting snows of the Himalayas. The rains are at first a welcome relief from the baking, dusty hot season. But as the rains continue, the land turns into a brown and watery mass, ever-changing in shape and texture. Fields and homes are flooded; people and animals have to move to higher ground. Food is reduced to pre-cooked rice, dal and jackfruit that ripen at this time. During the rains, most villages are isolated, accessible only by boat. The people become self-sufficient and depend on each other rather than the outside world. The rain has turned stagnant water fresh again. Children leap naked into ponds. Women swim in sarees. Men dive in wearing sarongs. It is during the rainy season that Bangladesh's main crop, jute, begins to ripen and is harvested. Farmers dive down to the roots to cut them. The stalks are placed on high ground to dry. Aside from the practical problems, the rains and water also inspire the poetry, art and songs of the people.

Sarat (September to October) Autumn
As September begins, the skies are blue and a cool wind blows. The land turns into a carpet of bright green rice shoots while the smell of drying jute invades the air. Flowers bloom, the rice ripens and the harvest begins. Blue, gold and green are the colours of sarat – blue sky, golden sun and green vegetation from emerald to jade, pea to lime, shamrock to sea-green. In the green fields, white Siberian cranes, egrets and ducks hunt for food. Although the air is humid, there is a slight chill late at night.

Hemanto (October to November) Late autumn
Once the land has emerged from its watery grave, it is time to replant in new, fertile soil that is rich in nutrients. During this season, the land is at its luscious best. Festivals flourish to hail the harvest, the end of the floods, the coming of the new soil and the wonder of the rivers. The country's troubadours are everywhere, dressed in bright clothes and singing for money. The land and its people come to life during hemanto, when the flowers bloom – jasmine, water lily, rose, magnolia, hibiscus and bougainvillea. By the season's end, the air is no longer humid. Fresh scents replace the dry jute smell. Hemanto marks the start of the wedding season where receptions are held under red, blue, green or white tents.

Seet (November to December) Winter
From mid-November to early January, the weather becomes more arid and less humid. The earth dries and dust forms. Warm clothes are pulled out. Young people play tennis, football, cricket and golf. Seet is also the season when people return to their ancestral villages, where they can experience once again the essence of Bangladesh – the harmony of man, beast, land, water and air.

Basanto (December to February) Spring
The coolest days are from mid-December to February when the days are golden with light, the flowers are blooming and the nights and early mornings are chilly. Night guards wrap themselves up in shawls and blankets with scarves and hats pulled down over their ears. During basanto, the countryside hums with fairs, parades and commemorations. Arts festivals celebrate painting and handicrafts, poetry, music and drama. In Dhaka, basanto heralds the beginning of the social season with a frantic whirl of invitations to weddings, parties and dinners. Along with the cool weather comes the nation's silly season – politics. To a Bangladeshi, politics is what alcohol or sport is to other nations. Everyone gets involved.

Grisma (March to May) Summer
Throughout basanto, the weather warms up a bit each day until March 1, when the heat starts intensifying more rapidly. The soil turns a dusty khaki and then almost white. There are lightening and thunder storms and sometimes, icy lumps of hail crash down. The rivers dry out and are difficult to navigate. Grisma is also the peak time for the brick industry. Bricks are used for building and are a substitute for stone and gravel in Bangladesh. In the cities, the humid air is laden with dust, brick grit and auto fumes. The sun is a round red globe, beating down relentlessly. Everyone waits for the rains and the beginning of another cycle of seasons.

International Mother Language Day(1952)

21 February was proclaimed the International Mother Language Day by UNESCO on 17 November 1999. Its observance was also formally recognized by the United Nations General Assembly in its resolution establishing 2008 as the International Year of Languages.

International Mother Language Day originated as the international recognition of Language Movement Day, which has been commemorated in Bangladesh (formerly East Pakistan) since 1952, when a number of Bangladeshi university students were killed by the East Pakistan police and army in Dhaka.

International Mother Language Day is observed yearly by UNESCO member states and at its headquarters to promote linguistic and cultural diversity and multilingualism.

In August 1947, a new state called Pakistan, comprising two far-flung wings in the west and east, separated by 1600 kilometers of foreign territory, emerged on the world map. The ideological basis of that strange phenomenon was the absurd and pernicious two nation theory of Mr. Jinnah that ignored such basic elements as language and culture and considered religion as a bond strong and sufficient enough to transform a people into a nation.

The language of the people of eastern wing of Pakistan, and they were the majority, was Bangla. It had a rich tradition of literature of over a thousand years. The Bangalees also had a highly developed culture that had little in common with the culture of the people of western wing of Pakistan. The Bangalees' love for and attachment to their language and culture were great and when in 1952 the neo-colonial, power-hungry, arrogant rulers of Pakistan declared that ‘Urdu and Urdu alone would be the state language of Pakistan, they sowed the seed of its future disintegration.

The people of the then East Pakistan, particularly the students, rose in angry protest against the vicious undemocratic designs of the government. Those designs really amounted to the destruction of Bangla language and culture and imposition of the language and culture of the people of western wing on the people of eastern wing. The reaction was strong and spontaneous.

The government decided to quell protests by brute force. The police opened fire on 21st February 1952 on unarmed peaceful protesters, most of whom were students, resulting in the death, among others, of Rafiq, Barkat, Jabbar and Salam. As the news of those deaths spread, the entire people of the eastern wing felt greatly involved emotionally. Those who lost their lives to uphold the prestige defend the rights of their mother-language became hallowed martyrs.

Their sacrifice at once tragic glorious and the indignation of the people against an autocratic government had far reaching effect. 21st February became a symbol and attained mythic properties, it nourished the concepts of democracy and secularism. It also contributed significantly to the flowering of Bangalee nationalism. It led to the dawning of the realization in the minds of the Bangalees that they constituted a separate nation and their destiny lay not with Pakistan but elsewhere as an independent country. The subsequent democratic mass movements of the late fifties, throughout the sixties and the seventies, and finally the struggle for independence and the war of liberation owed a great deal to 21st February.

From 1953 onwards, starting from 21st February 1953, the immortal 21st February has been observed as a great national event all over Bangladesh, and also beyond the frontiers of Bangladesh: in several places of India, UK, USA, Canada and elsewhere, wherever there is a sizeable concentration of Bangla speaking people. Yet so long, it has been mainly a national event of Bangladesh. But with the declaration of 21st February as the International Mother Language Day, it has transcended the national borders of Bangladesh and acquired an international significance and a global dimension.

At the initiative of the United Nations and its various organs, a number of specific days have been declared over the years as international days for observance by the people of the whole world. All these days highlight some values, events and issues and are intended to generate a healthy awareness in the people of the world about them with the ultimate aim of making this world a better place to live in for the entire human population. Thus we have the international literacy day, international women's day. international children's day, the international day for eradication of racial discrimination, international day for ensuring pure drinking water, international habitat day, international day for preservation of environment and many others.

Some of these international days are linked with certain specific events that took place in some specific countries. While observing these days, the people of the world recall those events and those countries as a matter of course. The world is thus brought closer providing peoples of the world with the chance to get out of their insularity.

International Mother Language Day is particularly significant in the sense that it has a cultural importance. From now on, 21st February — so long observed in Bangladesh as the Bangla Language Martyrs' Day — will be observed here simultaneously as the Bangla Language Martyrs' Day and the International Mother Language Day. And in nearly 200 countries of the world, various peoples speaking various languages and belonging to various national cultures will observe 21st February as the International Mother Language Day. They will naturally celebrate their own mother languages, but while doing so, it is more than likely that they will refer to Bangladesh and the Language Movement launched by her people that reached a climactic point on 21st February 1952.

The declaration made by the UNESCO in November 1999 designating 21st February as the International Mother Language Day has placed Bangladesh on the cultural map of the world with a highly positive image. We, people of Bangladesh, should now do all that we can to further develop our mother language Bangla in all branches of knowledge so that it can play a worthy role in the community of world languages. We shall love, cherish and promote Bangla, our own mother language, But we shall not indulged in any kind of chauvinism.

While devotedly serving our own language, we shall respect the languages of all the peoples of the world make 21st February - The International Mother Language Day - a great day, to be observed worldwide in the new century and the millennium that we have recently stepped into. Long live 21st February the International Mother Language Day!

Preparation to resist the Pakistani soldiers...

Arrangement was going on to resist the Pakistani soldiers at Kasba, Brahmanbaria and Ashugonj. In order to resist the Pakistani forces, several strong defensive positions of the freedom fighters were built up at several places.

We were very busy at various places to resist the Pakistan forces namely, in the rails, roads and rivers of Narsingdi, Bhairab. Ashuganj etc., in the south Kasba-Gangasagar rail and by Road the Pakistani army from Comilla cantonment and in the north­west Pakistani army from Dhaka. The great excitement prevailed among the students and general people including the members of Bengal Regiment. At last the Pakistani forces started three front attacks. In the face of modern weapons of the enemies it became very difficult for us to East long. Possibilities of massive damages of lives and assets gradually began to increase. Therefore we had to retreat on radical grounds. The free areas of Brahrmanbaria and Akhuura fell down and came under the control of the Pakistan army. Again we prepared ourselves for fighting.

In guerilla tactics we began to inflict heavy damages on the lives and assets of the Pak armies one after another. After retreat we set up camp at Teliapara tea garden At last we had to abandon the camp also.In the midst of heavy firing that time crowd began to make slogans "Joy Bangla" from all sides. As if such sky touching lofty sounds trembled the sky and winds. The sound of Joy Bangta of 1971 was dear to all women, men and children. Facing the bayonets and Rifles the brave Bengalese sacrificed there lives smilingly uttering Joy Bangla. In India during anti-British movement, the slogan Bande Mataram was the only successful in creating such reaction.

That day we began to advance with the slogan "Joy Bangla" and whatever we had. Some body had Kutch, spears and somebody had bamboo stick. I also entered into the battle with one 303 rifle. We had not sufficient arms and ammunition. On the other hand the enemy had sufficient ammunitions and as a result they began to fire within some intervals. And sounds of Joy Bangla of the general people were coming from all sides.

Before the advent of dawn the sounds of firing were stopped from the enemy sides. Carefully we went to the camp from three sides, fly the blow of bullets the enemies retreated and fled away. Before retreating they blew up the go-downs of arms and ammunition. By capturing the camp we did not get any living body except some left out dead bodies of non-Bengali members of non-bengali members of East Pakistan Rifles and destroyed arms. The wall of the go down and its inner condition became disarrayed. But did Pakistani members of EPR lied away through open path by swimming the lake. We captured the camp and hoisted the flag of Independent Bangladesh. Later on we came to know that at the time of retreating the living soldiers of EPR killed some alive villagers in the streets by anger and excitement.

Preparation to resist the Pakistani soldiers at Kasba. Brahmanbaria and Ashuganj.
Arrangement was going on to resist the Pakistani soldiers at Kasba. Brahmanbaris and Ashuganj. In order to resist the Pakistani forces, several strong defensive positions of file freedom fighters were built up at several plates. We were very busy at various places to resist the Pakistan forces namely, in the rails, roads and rivets of Narsingdi. Bhairab. Ashuganj etc., in the south Kasba-Gangasagar rail and by Road the Pakistani army form comilla cantonment and in the north-west Pakistani array From Dhaka. The great excitement prevailed among the students and general people including the members of Bengal Regiment. At last the Pakistani forces started three from attacks. In the face of modern weapons of the enemies it became very difficult for us to last long. Possibilities of massive damages of lives and assets gradually began to increase. Therefore we had to retreat on tactical grounds. The free areas of Brahmanharia and Akhaura fell down and came under the control of me Pakistan army. Again we prepared ourselves for fighting. In guerilla tactics we began to inflict heavy damages on the lives and assets of the Puk armies one after another. After retreat we set up camp at Teliapara tea garden. At last we had to abandon that camp also.

Another declaration or Major Zia 1971...

Bui from date of 31st March, the independent Bangla Betar (Shadhin Bangla Beter Kendr) all along remained silent. But on 31.3.1971 we heard another declaration of Maj. Zia. The of the declaration is as under:

Declaration

Punjabis have used 3rd commando Battalion in Chittagang City Area lo subdue the Valiant freedom fighters of Sadhin Bangla. But they have been thrown back and many of them have been killed.

Punjabis have been extensively using F-80 Aircrafts to kill the Civilian strongholds and vital points, they are killing the civilians, men, women and children brutally. So far at least two thousands of Bengali civilians have been killed in Chittagong area alone.

The Sadhin Bangla Liberation Army is pushing the punjabi Army from one place to the other.At present the punjabis have utilized al least two Brigades of Army, Navy and Air Force. It is in fact of combined operation.

I once again request tbe United Nations and the Big powers to intervene and physically come to our aid. Delay will mean massacre of additional millions. SD/=Ziaur RahmanI tried to connect the foreign radio center. At night I got connection of All India Radio. I heard that in the proposal moved in the Parliament. Sreemati Indira Gandhi blamed for barbarous aggression of West Pakistani soldiers in Bangladesh and invited the people and the governments of all the countries of the world to create pressure for resisting Pakistani armed forces from mass killing. Unanimously accepted the proposal was as follows:

The Parliament expresses profound grief and deep concern about the recent events happening in East Bengal. The armed forces led from West Pakistan jumped upon the people of Ease Bengal to ruthlessly suppress the claims, hopes and aspiration of the latter by a massive aggression.

Instead of giving honour to the will of the people published undoubtedly in the general election held in Pakistan in 1970, the Pakistani Government decided to disobey the mandate of the people.

Pakistani Government not only refused to transfer the power to the peoples' representatives, but also prevented the National Parliament to perform the legitimate and sovereign I role without any legal basis. Adopting the naked power of armed forces, they used bayonet, machinegun, tank, cannon and fighter plane targeting the people of East Bengal.

The Government of India and Indian People always have tried to establish a peaceful, normal and friendly relationship will Pakistan and with this end in view have been working. Since the history, culture and hierarchal reciprocal ties of the people of this Sub-continent is very old, this assembly cannot sit idle at the terrific and awful tragic events happening near the border. The general people throughout the country expressed their undoubted resentment and hatred towards the unprecedented barbaric attitudes towards the innocent and armless people.The historical national awakening of seven and a half crore people of East Bengal will at last achieve success - this meeting records firm confidence in success on that matter. This meeting further ensures them to that effect that their struggle and dedication will always gain heartfelt sympathy and people of India."This decision of Indira Gandhi spread like electricity all around. We all got encouragement by heart and the news helped us greatly to erase our helplessness to a great extent. We got strength with this thinking that the great neighbour was with us.

I remembered about my tour in Agartala on 27" March. The Congress Secretary told that day that it was not possible on their part to supply arms without permission of Indian Government. We realized from this news of All India Radio that all out assistance of Indian Government was imminent. The liberation struggle of Bengali nation with Pakistan would continue and Insha Allah we would be successful.

Gradually the days were passing. A news reached Akhaura in the night of 12" April. The news was very important. Thai night a secret meeting was held with the top leaders of Awami League in Agartala circuit house. Though 1 could not get the decision of that meeting, but 1 was excited with joy with the holding of such meeting. Of course we tame to learn afterwards that the revolutionary Government was formed. Since Agartala was the border town, the tight secrecy was maintained about the meeting for the sake of security.

Possession of EPR Camp at Akhaura.
Agartala is the capital of Tippera State of India. Its frontier area is Akhaura. An important junction of East Pakistan Railway. Akhaura. Being adjacent to Tippera. is also heaven for the smugglers. There is a camp office of EPR ac Akhaura frontier. They controlled this region from here. Prior to beginning of battle, non-Bengali members of EPR took possession of the regional office at Akhaura. There were storage of huge arms and ammunition to defend the borders. Till then Akhaura was free and the borders were in control of the freedom fighters.We planned to free EPR camp. Therefore we formed a combined force comprising our Bengali members of EPR, Asnsar and Bengal Regiment. The local students and people were also linked with that force.

To avoid bloodshed, first we decided to invite the members of the EPR of the camp to surrender. Accordingly we sent a bold Bengali EPR Habilder with while flag at hand proposal for surrender. After one hour he returned and informed us that they would not surrender. Getting no alternative we prepared ourselves for attack. The EPR camp looked like an island. About in all sides around the camp there were low lands with water, canals and beels. There were an old building and some big tin go-downs. In the British period there were shed office of British jute company and jute godowns. From this side a branch of Titas river is flowing. By this naval route British and local merchants used to deal in jute business. During rainy season big size boats came and seaplane float on the river, which 1 saw many times in my childhood. But there was no such youthful charm of Akhaura now.

The seaplane of the company did not come and touch this branch river. As if the river also lost her youthfulness and became lean and thin. Akhaura was then somehow a small river port. Many godowns and office were established centering jute businesses. Two or three signs are still standing as evidence of that time.

Rolling afternoon the sun was selling in the west. We were gathering ourselves slowly from the three sides of the island with arms and ammunition. After crossing evening, the night became deeper, and before midnight we began attack upon the camp possessed by non-Bengali members of East Pakistan Rifles. The attack was started from three sides. The other side was entirely beel and vast crop field. Our heavy arms began to roar, Reply was also coming in double.

In the midst of heavy firing that time the crowd began to make slogans "Joy Bangla" from all sides. As if such sky touching lofty sounds trembled the shy and winds. The sound of Joy Bangla of 1971 was dear to al! women, men and children. Facing the bayonets and Rifles the brave Bengalese sacrificed their lives smilingly uttering Joy Bangla In India during anti-British movement, the slogan "Bandc Malaram" was the only successful in creating such reaction.That day we began to advance with the slogan "Joy Bangla" and whatever we had. Some body had Kulch, spears and somebody had bamboo stick. 1 also entered into the battle with one 303 rifle- We had not sufficient arms and ammunition. On the other hand the enemy had sufficient ammunitions and as a result they began to fire within some intervals. And sounds of Joy Bangla of the general people were coming from all sides.

Before the advent of dawn the sounds of firing were stopped from the enemy sides. Carefully we went to the camp from three sides. By the blow of bullets the enemies retreated and fled away. Before retreating they blew up the go-downs of arms and ammunition. By capturing the camp we did not get any living body except some left out dead bodies of non-Bengali members of East Pakistan Rifles and destroyed arms. The wall of the go-down and its inner condition became disarrayed. But the Pakistani members of EPR fled away through open path by swimming the take. We captured the camp and hoisted the flag Of Independent Bangladesh. Later on we came to know that at the time of retreating the living soldiers of EPR killed some alive villagers in the streets by anger and excitement.

Curfew breaks in Brahmanbaria

Curfew breaks in Brahmanbaria.

The news of barbarous attack of Pakistani forces at Dhaka on 25th March reached Brahmanbaria on the same night. The general people overwhelmingly participated in the procession inthe town and built up resistance in the streets and on all points by setting barricades. Pak Colonel Khizir, Hayat Khan, Major Sadeque Newaz, Lt. Amzad Sayed Declared Curfew in the town and ordered to open fire on the crowds. But the general people broke curfew and led procession in the town and held street meetings. The local Awami League leader AM AzamBhuion, Lutful Hye Sachchu and student leader Amanul Hoque Sentu. Zahangir Osman, Shafique Khan, Humyun Kabir, Kutubuddin etc. led such resistance movement. Although Pak Colonel Khiziir Hayat Khan ordered to open fire on the curfew breakers, the Bengali Officers and soldiers overlooked that order.On 71 March, the Bengali soldiers under the leadership of Captain Shafait Jamil, Gnffar, Lt. Harun, Lt. Mahbub and Ld. Kabir revolted and took control of camp by arresting the Pak armies including Pak Colonel Khizir Hayat Khan and Major Sadeque Newaz. By the angry attitudes on that day 5/6 Pak armies including Lt. Amjad Sayeed were killed. Meanwhile Major Khaled Mosharraf with some soldiers of 4th Bengal regiment returned from Shamshernagar and joined the revolted Bengali soldiers. The local Police, EPR Members of the Ansars took part with them. The headquarters of 4th Bengal regiment was set up at Brahmanbarta town.

At the same time the general people and Bengali Soldiers of EastBengal Regiment jointly started fierce life and death battle against Pak Armies at Joydevpur. Major Shafiullah gave leadership in this fierce battle. Both sides had to suffer heavy casualties. Getting no alternatives Major Shafiullah, with a greater portion of army of 2nd Bengal Regiment, made an attempt to start via Mymensingh to attack Dhaka Cantonment. Getting that news Major Khaled Mosharraf prevented Major Shafiulla from such suicidal decision. Thereafter Major Shafiullah became united with Major .Khaled Mosharraf together with his battalion and built up a Strong resistance force. Kazi Rakibuddin, the then Sub-Divisional Officer of Brahmanbaria, Sub-Divisional Police Officer Mr. Azharul Islam, local leaders and volunteers gave wholehearted assistance by providing food and supplies to the Bengali Soldiers.

By that time, one battalion of Pak army tried to enter into Brahmanbaria from Comilla Cantonment. The freedom fighters resisted their movement. At the outskirts of the town Near Kurulia Khal the Bengal Regiment and the general people engaged in resistance battle against Pak forces. In the battle some soldiers with a captain were killed. Thereafter from Brahmanbria to Comilla the students and general people created resistance by throwing trees on, and digging earths in, the streets.

Preparation for battle in the free area for BD

In the free area, preparation for battle was going on in full swing. The symptoms of readiness were prevailing all around. There was much enthusiasm among the youths. It was the aim to free the land from the Pakistani aggressors, to defend their attacks and to take revenge. Till that time our area was free. The Bengali soldiers of Bengal Regiment, East Pakistan Rifles (EPR), the members of Police, students and general people took position in the free areas of Brahmanbaria, Ashuganj.

Akhaura and Kasba. I also joined them and started resistance war. Brahmanbaria and its neighbouring vast areas ware then under control of the freedom fighters. To keep these areas in control we had to work hard day and night like vigilant guards. So far I could remember that in the beginning of April one of my brother MA. Hannan came to Akhaura and met me with a Chinese rifle. Hannan was Flight Sergeant of Pakistan Air Force. His duty was to train the soldiers of the air force.

In March he came on leave to his house from West Pakistan. His house was at my neighboring house in Chanpur village under Machhihata union under Brahmanbaria Sadar thana. Hannun told me that EPR and Bengali Jeans should be taken here from borders and mixed with the main force of freedom fighters. I came here with that direction from Maj. Khaled Musharraf. You should come with me and you to help me.In one rickshaw we two reached an FPR camp at Azampur Singerbeel situated near to Tippera border north, of Akhaura. There Sergeant Hannan explained to Subedar Major of EPR about our arrival. He replied that he would not be able to leave the border without written order of Maj.

Khaled Mosharraf. Getting no alternative we had to come back. After that incidence brother Hannan did not further tell me anything. Of course, all members of EPR ultimately joined the main forces of freedom fighters and participated in liberation war. After the Tall of Akhaura I went to my village and could not tract out brother Hannan. Because he went again to West Pakistan to join his service. This way Hannan saved his services in Pakistan army. Here gaining strength the Bengali army became ready to defend the free area under the leadership of Maj. Khaled Mosharraf.We some young men joined with that force.We took arms in hand; preparation for battle was going on day and night. Again the task of digging bunker, miscellaneous technique of war and self-defence strategy were going on.

Before this, after declination of Bangabandhu on 7th March, we took training of battle as mentioned earlier This time I did not lag behind from any sorts of training including supply of ammunition from the ammunition boxes. The tension in the area gradually had been increasing. I used to go to Brahmanbaria from Akhaura by railway trolley and returned with miscellaneous weapons necessary for resistance and self-defence. Brahamanbaria town was the headquarters for preparatory works of our battle.

Tension was prevailing in the Comilla Cantonment before mass killing of 25th March. Although pressure was created upon me Bengali solders to surrender the arms, the members of the armed forces under the leadership of Major Khaled Mosharraf refused lo surrender the arms. Failing to cherish the evil desire, the Pak commandant ordered Major Khaled Mosharraf to resist the fictitious attack of Indian Naxal forces in Shamshemagar border. Most probably cither on 22nd or 23rd March Major Khaled Moshairaf with his subordinate soldiers of 4th East Bengal Regiment left Comilla Cantonment for Snamshcmagar togetherWith arms and ammunition and 2’’_3’’ mortars and faced resistance from the crowds while crossing over Brahmanbaria for Sylhet. In the meantime the 4th Bengal Regiment under Pak Col. Khizir Hayal Khan took control and possession in Brahmanbaria. There was Bengali and Punjabi soldiers also in the battalion

More wre in 1971...

Return to Akhaura
In the midst of such an excitement and worries I passed the night. When it was dawn, I called Rafique to get up from bed. We had to return to Akhaura quickly. Within a few minutes some of the students appeared before us. Then and there I requested them to bid us farewell. They did not want us to leave without breakfast. That is what they requested us to wait. But in some way we forcibly took farewell from the students explaining that we should have to repart our freedom fighters quickly the fact or out arrival at Agartala and the progress of our discussion with the leaders of Agartila. Some of the students helped us to reach the border. That time we returned lo our country through the check post in the presence of the Security Forces. The Security Forces shook our hands and bade us farewell. Entering into the homeland we showed our allegiance to the gratefulness of the inhabitant of Agartala. We would remember forever their affections and behaviour towards us by some unknown students.
On returning to Akhaura I narrated my group of friends in details the experiences of my journey to Agartala, took decision to form...

On returning to Akhaura I narrated my group of friends in details the experiences of my journey to Agartala, took decision to from quickly a group and to go again to Agartala for taking training and collection of arms. All freedom loving young man did not gain menial preparation at that time to go to India. Besides they had no knowledge of warfare. They were very busy to resist the Pakistani forces with the stones of Railway line, bamboo sticks and two or three guns. That is way the number of our members did not increase. Therefore at that time we had to engage ourselves to take training locally and preparation of battle.

Preparation for battle in the free area.
In the free area, preparation for battle was going on in full swing. The symptoms of readiness were prevailing all around. There was much enthusiasm among the youths. It was the aim to free the land from the Pakistani aggressors, to defend their attacks and to take revenge. Till that time our area was free. The Bengali soldiers of Bengal Regiment, East Pakistan Rifles (EPR), the members of Police, students and general people took position in the free areas of Brahmanbaria, Ashuganj. Akhaura and Kasba. I also joined them and started resistance war. Brahmanbaria and its neighbouring vast areas ware then under control of the freedom fighters. To keep these areas in control we had to work hard day and night like vigilant guards. So far I could remember that in the beginning of April one of my brother MA. Hannan came to Akhaura and met me with a Chinese rifle. Hannan was Flight Sergeant of Pakistan Air Force. His duty was to train the soldiers of the air force. In March he came on leave to his house from West Pakistan. His house was at my neighboring house in Chanpur village under Machhihata union under Brahmanbaria Sadar thana. Hannun told me that EPR and Bengali Jeans should be taken here from borders and mixed with the main force of freedom fighters. I came here with that direction from Maj. Khaled Musharraf. You should come with me and you to help me.
In one rickshaw we two reached an FPR camp at Azampur Singerbeel situated near to Tippera border north, of Akhaura. There Sergeant Hannan explained to Subedar Major of EPR about our arrival. He replied that he would not be able to leave the border without written order of Maj. Khaled Mosharraf. Getting no alternative we had to come back. After that incidence brother Hannan did not further tell me anything. Of course, all members of EPR ultimately joined the main forces of freedom fighters and participated in liberation war. After the Tall of Akhaura I went to my village and could not tract out brother Hannan. Because he went again to West Pakistan to join his service. This way Hannan saved his services in Pakistan army. Here gaining strength the Bengali army became ready to defend the free area under the leadership of Maj. Khaled Mosharraf.We some young men joined with that force.
We took arms in hand; preparation for battle was going on day and night. Again the task of digging bunker, miscellaneous technique of war and self-defence strategy were going on. Before this, after declination of Bangabandhu on 7th March, we took training of battle as mentioned earlier This time I did not lag behind from any sorts of training including supply of ammunition from the ammunition boxes. The tension in the area gradually had been increasing. I used to go to Brahmanbaria from Akhaura by railway trolley and returned with miscellaneous weapons necessary for resistance and self-defence. Brahamanbaria town was the headquarters for preparatory works of our battle.
Tension was prevailing in the Comilla Cantonment before mass killing of 25th March. Although pressure was created upon me Bengali solders to surrender the arms, the members of the armed forces under the leadership of Major Khaled Mosharraf refused lo surrender the arms. Failing to cherish the evil desire, the Pak commandant ordered Major Khaled Mosharraf to resist the fictitious attack of Indian Naxal forces in Shamshemagar border. Most probably cither on 22nd or 23rd March Major Khaled Moshairaf with his subordinate soldiers of 4th East Bengal Regiment left Comilla Cantonment for Snamshcmagar together
With arms and ammunition and 2’’_3’’ mortars and faced resistance from the crowds while crossing over Brahmanbaria for Sylhet. In the meantime the 4th Bengal Regiment under Pak Col. Khizir Hayal Khan took control and possession in Brahmanbaria. There was Bengali and Punjabi soldiers also in the battalion.

Curfew breaks in Brahmanbaria.

Curfew breaks in Brahmanbaria.
The news of barbarous attack of Pakistani forces at Dhaka on 25th March reached Brahmanbaria on the same night. The general people overwhelmingly participated in the procession in
the town and built up resistance in the streets and on all points by setting barricades. Pak Colonel Khizir, Hayat Khan, Major Sadeque Newaz, Lt. Amzad Sayed Declared Curfew in the town and ordered to open fire on the crowds. But the general people broke curfew and led procession in the town and held street meetings. The local Awami League leader AM AzamBhuion, Lutful Hye Sachchu and student leader Amanul Hoque Sentu. Zahangir Osman, Shafique Khan, Humyun Kabir, Kutubuddin etc. led such resistance movement. Although Pak Colonel Khiziir Hayat Khan ordered to open fire on the curfew breakers, the Bengali Officers and soldiers overlooked that order.
On 71 March, the Bengali soldiers under the leadership of Captain Shafait Jamil, Gnffar, Lt. Harun, Lt. Mahbub and Ld. Kabir revolted and took control of camp by arresting the Pak armies including Pak Colonel Khizir Hayat Khan and Major Sadeque Newaz. By the angry attitudes on that day 5/6 Pak armies including Lt. Amjad Sayeed were killed. Meanwhile Major Khaled Mosharraf with some soldiers of 4th Bengal regiment returned from Shamshernagar and joined the revolted Bengali soldiers. The local Police, EPR Members of the Ansars took part with them. The headquarters of 4th Bengal regiment was set up at Brahmanbarta town.
At the same time the general people and Bengali Soldiers of East
Bengal Regiment jointly started fierce life and death battle against Pak Armies at Joydevpur. Major Shafiullah gave leadership in this fierce battle. Both sides had to suffer heavy casualties. Getting no alternatives Major Shafiullah, with a greater portion of army of 2nd Bengal Regiment, made an attempt to start via Mymensingh to attack Dhaka Cantonment. Getting that news Major Khaled Mosharraf prevented Major Shafiulla from such suicidal decision. Thereafter Major Shafiullah became united with Major .Khaled Mosharraf together with his battalion and built up a Strong resistance force. Kazi Rakibuddin, the then Sub-Divisional Officer of Brahmanbaria, Sub-Divisional Police Officer Mr. Azharul Islam, local leaders and volunteers gave wholehearted assistance by providing food and supplies to the Bengali Soldiers.
By that time, one battalion of Pak army tried to enter into Brahmanbaria from Comilla Cantonment. The freedom fighters resisted their movement. At the outskirts of the town Near Kurulia Khal the Bengal Regiment and the general people engaged in resistance battle against Pak forces. In the battle some soldiers with a captain were killed. Thereafter from Brahmanbria to Comilla the students and general people created resistance by throwing trees on, and digging earths in, the streets.

Preparation to resist the Pakistani soldiers at Kasba, Brahmanbaria and Ashuganj
Arrangement was going on to resist the Pakistani soldiers at Kasba, Brahmanbaria and Ashugonj. In order to resist the Pakistani forces, several strong defensive positions of the freedom fighters were built up at several places.
We were very busy at various places to resist the Pakistan forces namely, in the rails, roads and rivers of Narsingdi, Bhairab. Ashuganj etc., in the south Kasba-Gangasagar rail and by Road the Pakistani army from Comilla cantonment and in the north­west Pakistani army from Dhaka. The great excitement prevailed among the students and general people including the members of Bengal Regiment. At last the Pakistani forces started three front attacks. In the face of modern weapons of the enemies it became very difficult for us to East long. Possibilities of massive damages of lives and assets gradually began to increase. Therefore we had to retreat on radical grounds. The free areas of Brahrmanbaria and Akhuura fell down and came under the control of the Pakistan army. Again we prepared ourselves for fighting. In guerilla tactics we began to inflict heavy damages on the lives and assets of the Pak armies one after another. After retreat we set up camp at Teliapara tea garden At last we had to abandon the camp also.
In the midst of heavy firing that time crowd began to make slogans "Joy Bangla" from all sides. As if such sky touching lofty sounds trembled the sky and winds. The sound of Joy Bangta of 1971 was dear to all women, men and children. Facing the bayonets and Rifles the brave Bengalese sacrificed there lives smilingly uttering Joy Bangla. In India during anti-British movement, the slogan Bande Mataram was the only successful in creating such reaction.
That day we began to advance with the slogan "Joy Bangla" and whatever we had. Some body had Kutch, spears and somebody had bamboo stick. I also entered into the battle with one 303 rifle. We had not sufficient arms and ammunition. On the other hand the enemy had sufficient ammunitions and as a result they began to fire within some intervals. And sounds of Joy Bangla of the general people were coming from all sides.
Before the advent of dawn the sounds of firing were stopped from the enemy sides. Carefully we went to the camp from three sides, fly the blow of bullets the enemies retreated and fled away. Before retreating they blew up the go-downs of arms and ammunition. By capturing the camp we did not get any living body except some left out dead bodies of non-Bengali members of non-bengali members of East Pakistan Rifles and destroyed arms. The wall of the go down and its inner condition became disarrayed. But did Pakistani members of EPR lied away through open path by swimming the lake. We captured the camp and hoisted the flag of Independent Bangladesh. Later on we came to know that at the time of retreating the living soldiers of EPR killed some alive villagers in the streets by anger and excitement.

Preparation to resist the Pakistani soldiers at Kasba. Brahmanbaria and Ashuganj.
Arrangement was going on to resist the Pakistani soldiers at Kasba. Brahmanbaris and Ashuganj. In order to resist the Pakistani forces, several strong defensive positions of file freedom fighters were built up at several plates. We were very busy at various places to resist the Pakistan forces namely, in the rails, roads and rivets of Narsingdi. Bhairab. Ashuganj etc., in the south Kasba-Gangasagar rail and by Road the Pakistani army form comilla cantonment and in the north-west Pakistani array From Dhaka. The great excitement prevailed among the students and general people including the members of Bengal Regiment. At last the Pakistani forces started three from attacks. In the face of modern weapons of the enemies it became very difficult for us to last long. Possibilities of massive damages of lives and assets gradually began to increase. Therefore we had to retreat on tactical grounds. The free areas of Brahmanharia and Akhaura fell down and came under the control of me Pakistan army. Again we prepared ourselves for fighting. In guerilla tactics we began to inflict heavy damages on the lives and assets of the Puk armies one after another. After retreat we set up camp at Teliapara tea garden. At last we had to abandon that camp also.

Akhaura battle and attack of Pakistani army and resistance by EPR soldiers and freedom fighters
In the meantime the news of secret meeting of Awami league leaders held at Agrtala circuit house on 12 April reached 10 the aggressor Pakistani forces. In that meeting the Independent revolutionary Government was formed. Therefore, without killing time the Pakistani forces signed life and death attempts to capture Brahmanbaria-Akhaura.
On 18 April was evening From all sides the resistance enclosures were made surrounding Akhaura. The railway bridge of Gangashagar was blown up to The aggression of the enemy. En the north south the young fighters took possession in the bunkers to resist Pak forces. In the north the Bengali EPR soldiers targeted machine gun towards the railway bridge on the Titas river. In one bunker two Bengal regiment soldiers remained engaged all along setting one heavy machine gun With them I also took possession with one 300 rifle. The night was soundless. Our careful attention as on the front side. There was possibility of attack from the north and we would resist them.
At first the aggressors advanced along the railway towards the south 10 Kasba via Gangasagar railway station and arrived at the Outskirts of Akhaura, They started attacks targeting our location. The freedom fighters gave all out obstructions on the onward advancement of aggressing forces. In that fighting about three hundred soldiers of Pakistan army were killed- the next day EPR soldiers and freedom fighters under the leadership of Captain Gaffar made attacks upon the Pakistani army and killed 20/25 soldiers. Yet we could not resist Pakistani force. Though the freedom fighters had been fighting bravely confronting very modern weapons and resisting throughout the day, the Pakistani forces entered into Akhaura in the dark of the night. In that fighting, some freedom fighters were killed. I knew some of them. They took part in the freedom fighting to save the motherland. they were not trained soldiers. The country became independent in one day, but today nobody remembered about sacrifice and dedication of those freedom fighters for the nation.
The night became deeper. We were ready targeting machine guns towards north. By whatever means we would resist the Pakistani forces, It was dead night. There was no sound. The sounds or riling were coming slowly. I was thinking, perhaps the fighting was going on in the south with freedom fighters. My presumption was that Pakistani forces could not in any way enter Akhaura breaking the strong defense of the freedom fighters. We were in the north side of be vast area in between Railway station, colony etc.
Surrounded by Pak Army.

The darkness is on all sides. Suddenly the rounds or firing were coming from nearby places. I was thinking for confrontation. But no…, the sound of filing was just on our backside. It seemed that it as coming to hit our back. The two solders of Bengal regiment put off their uniform. Simply they were wearing handloom napkin and underwear and even threw out even threw out the machine gun in the bunker. Thereafter the were going downward in darkness towards the lake in the west. Before I could guess they said "Pee". I understood that the Pak armies surrounded us, I was than at a loss. The death like monster was coming towards me very quickly. I could not understand. what should do. Only I remembered that there were my father, mother, brother, sister all behind me in The railway colony. I nine away towards my house. The road was only dark hut also empty. I guessed that a man was coming cowards this side with a big trunk on his head. I asked whereabouts of my house. He replied that. There was none in that side. Pak armies were coming by that side. They were setting fire and burning everything 10 ashes. You should not go, Otherwise you would be killed- All people of this area went towards Kharampur, Perhaps all members of your house went to Kharampur-I was startled. We had our relations at Kharampur. Perhaps my father would go to that side. With me intention of going to Kharampur I proceeded through the colony of north and cast. Crossing the railway nine in the east was the way to go to Kharampur, Still the morning was not full. There was indistinct darkness. When I went near the railway line, I heard, firing on both sides. I saw A group of Pakistani Army was proceeding from south to the north towarrds the bridge on the Titas river. I could not cross the railway line. I look shelier behind a wall. There was no human being at all. Some bullets of the Pak army also hit this wall also, When the Pak armies proceeded towards north, I looked back at the southern side. It appeared that another group of Pak armies had been advancing the Some way by tiring both sides. On their return they burnt away the Akhaura Railway station. Their heavy shells killed some freedom fighters and innocent people. They were not getting down from the railway track. I perhaps could not write this book, if they would get down from the railway track. Before reaching the 2nd group of Pakistan armies. I crossed the railway line by running and got pain falling in the sloping of the ground in the eastern side of the railway track. Somehow I raised and managed to reach behind the colony with heavy pain in my back. I observed that many men were also proceeding towards Kharampur like me. I followed them. Even I forgot about pains and bleeding of my body.

Fall of Akhaura and air attack on Brahmanbaria
The aggressors were coming quickly side, I was going to Kharampur along the bank lake. Slowly the darkness was. becoming lighter. The shy was becommig clear. In the light Of dawn I could see the men with their families were fleeing by many boats in the lake. When I further advanced, I thought only one boat was eagerly waiting by the side of the lake. The passengers of one was very anxious and one was standing with one leg in the boat and one leg in the land. I proceeded further and full the man was none but my father. I realized, as if he was waiting so long for me with eagerness and anxiety. Seeing me, my father ran towards me. caught my hand. He pushed me in the boat by rebuking and ordered the boatman to set on. The boat began to float. I realised that my father felt anxiety for me. So he could not bear his anger. My mother and my little sister aleya wept for very much Everybody was panicky by anxiety and fear. I fell very much for Aleya, because she is no more with us. In her tender age she left the world. I was silent and statue for anger, sorrow and pain by losing the battle. I could not stand against the modern deadly weapons of the aggressors, I accepted the challenge to free my dear motherland. which is interlaced with the memories of my childhood. But due to tactful reasons I had to retreat.
When the boatman asked my father about the destination, my father replied to proceed towards west, if I had to die, I would die in my own house. Since then my father lived they’re up to death in 1994. He served in the British railway department. He observed anti-British movement, the partition of India and creation of Pakistan. He observed language movement, observed freedom fighting and at last observed the liberation war of Bangladesh. He was retired from service in 1972. He did not object To my participation in 1971 freedom fighting. Rather he smilingly allowed me to lake part in the freedom fighting. My mother also did not object. In 1994 my father and mother left for heaven within the gap of only 4 days,
Soon after the fall Akhaura, the Pakistani forces started air attack on Brahamanbaria.
The aggressors made desperate attempts by attacking Akhaura, Ashuganj and Bhairab simultaneously both in the land in the water The Bengali solders fought bravely against the Pakistani forces, hut they had to retreat in the face of modern weapons and air attacks of the Parisian forces. Captain Nasim and Captain Matiur had to retreat and shift their headquarters from Bhairab and Ashuganj. To avoid huge damages and bloodsheds the Bengali soldiers of East Bengli Regiment and EPR, stationed at Bhrahmanbaria, left Bhrahmanbaria and retreated towards Teliapara. They set up their headquarters there in the Tea garden. The lively Brahmanbaria town turned in to a town of ghosts. After- two days the Pakistani forces took control of Brahmanbaria town and burnt to ashes the markets, shops, the houses and properties etc. and short to death whoever they saw.

Visit to the office of State Congress

Visit to the office of State Congress
Walking with the students we reached before sunset to the office of Stale Congress in the king's palace at Agartala. The students introduced us with the secretary of State Congress. The secretary received us cordially. He and his other colleagues expressed their ardent desire to know the condition of our country and begun to question on many things. We described the real picture about barbarous aggression of Pakistani army on unarmed innocent Bengalese. We described the heinous attack of Pakistani hyena on the residents of Dhaka and the news of declaration of independence made by Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman. The Leaders became astonished to Team our statements and wanted to know what sons of assistance they could provide us. We requested them to arrange supply of arms and training for them in order to fight against the Pakistani army. The Congress secretary told us that without direction of the Central government it would not be possible to supply arms. But if we want, we could help you to arrange food and lodging including training by the retired army personnel. At that assurance we felt relaxed. I consulted with Rafique that we would bring here our colleagues of the group and would lake training. At the same time we earnestly requested the congress secretary to arrange broadcast to the world the news of heinous and barbarous activities of Pakistani army through All India Radio. Because there was no other means before us to communicate the news to the world the heinous and barbarous activities of Pakistani army. The Pakistanis closed alt means of media transmission. They removed all representatives of foreign news media and journals on the plea of insecurity. Then were no means of media to communicate the incidents of oppressions and repressions and the news of resistance of the Bangalees af one region of the country to another region. At our request the congress secretary assured us to broadcast through All India Radio the news of oppression. On the context of their assurances we sent for broadcast through all India radio various types of news relating to oppression of Pakistani army, mass killing, ransom and the news of Bengali freedom fighters and activities of political leaden till Brahmanbaria-Akhaura remained free. Usually this news was broadcast through All India Radio and published in all the leading news papas of India.
The consultation with the leaders of state congress continued till night. After discussion with the secretary the student look as to a hotel of the town for meal and thereafter they arranged our accommodation in the house of a student. Though we got shelter in one house, the people of neighborhood got the news of our arrival in the twinkling of an eye. Malts, females, young men and also old man gathered there, as if everybody wanted to know the news of our country. The night became very deep in answering their questions. The students repeatedly requested them not to disturb us and in one stage arranged for our rest by somehow farting them out.
We were tired; the condition of mind was very bad. Nothing appeared to be pleasant to us. The students careful arranged everything for our sleep. We were very pleased at their entertainment. Though I slep enshrouding white bed sheet on my body, I could not sleep. every moment I felt anxiety and exitement. I felt uneasiness with the thinking of my mother, father, brothers and sisters at Akhaura and the distressed condition of our country I thought that as if Pakistani forces occupied our area by that time. The pathetic scene of killings and blazing flame of fire were flashing in my eyes. As it were I could not do anything. The scolding of failure enhrouded absolutely my mind with sadness. The memories began to strike my mind about the non-Bengali Binaries of Akhaura. In spite of living in the same urea and studying in the same school, it would appear that there were some differences between us. They did not like to mix us in any way, as if their society was quire different. Their conduct and behaviour appeared to be fomenting else, which indicated they’re haired on us. And on pleading about religious aspects the West Pakistani rules were almost busy in dividing Hindus and Muslims. Of course it appeared to me, much influence of orthodoxies was prevailing among the Hindus. After 1965 Indo-Pak War, the West Pakistanis always tried to create permanent division between Hindus and Muslims. We also opposed Hindus and Hindustan on religious spirit. Taking that advantage the West Pakistanis created permanent as their representatives on the plea of their rehabilitation. It was not true that the propaganda of West Pakistanis for creating orthodoxies in the belief of religion and malice was not only the main reason, but also the attitudes of Hindus were also responsible in many ways. Their social and cultural attitudes made us to create grudge against Hindus. As of example, we ware surprised to think over the matter that they would lose their purity, if any Muslim would enter into their kitchen. What arrangement as that? Did they loose their purity so easily? Bui this religious pride bowed down to the cause of humanitarian strnggle and fight for survival of a nationality and that it was proved to us when we came to Agariala. Though we were Muslims, the Hindus allowed us to sleep in their houses, provided meals for us. They did not fear from the instincts of their religion.

In search of arms and assistance in Tippera

In search of arms and assistance in Tippera.

On 27th March, accompanied with Rafique. I crossed the border and decided to go to Agartala. Our aim was to collect arms and assistance materials. Because one thing I could realize that we would not be able to resist the Pakistan army fully equipped with modem weapons and ammunitions with the help of some rifles, licensed guns and through breaking the railway tracks with bamboo sucks. They would finish us. Therefore improved training and assistance of weapons were absolutely necessary for guerrilla warfare. Apprehensions also were working in my mind. "I am not a renowned political or famous student leader." "Will the neighboring country respond to my request?" "Will anybody stretch his hands of assistance to my call?" Yet with heavy mind and with great expectation I stepped towards an unknown neighboring country.


1 was thinking and thinking. Suddenly an idea struck my mind that at least I would be able to communicate the painful story about the brutal killings and massacre made by Pakistani army. If they would transmit such news to the world on humanitarian ground and such attempts would be helpful to create world consciences, it would also be a benefit for freedom struggle. It could also create sympathy of the world on our part. Though the country is different, majority of the inhabitants of Agartala were in some ways the original inhabitant of either Comilla or Brahmanbria or Akhaura. After 1947, they settled on the other side of the border permanently. We would, of course, get their sympathy and help from them. Sail they have relatives and properties in this region. For attraction of the pulse, they would surely respond. From Akhaura anybody can reach the border of Agartala by rickshaw. After taking 30 minutes journey there is a check post through which in previous days goods were carried through this road by truck from Akhaura to Agartala. After die battle of 1965, this road was closed

Cordial reception and hospitality by the people of Agartala.

When we reached the check post, the Indian border security force B.S.F. raised objection to cross the bonier due to restriction for the entry of Bangladeshi people into India. Getting obstruction I felt sad and thought that perhaps we would have to return ourselves from that point. At that time some students and peoples of Agartala waited eagerly from other side of the border to learn the news of Bangladesh. They talked to us from other sides of the border and wanted to know of our deplorable condition. From this side we informed them about the terrific incidents of mass killing on 25th March. We further informed them of our intention to go to Agartala. The students came forward to help us. They advised us to cross the borders by the northern side of thc check post. Since the border security forces did not object to that proposal, we moved to that direction. But there was one canal, which became our obstruction to cross the border. We were thinking how deep was water there. When we, after putting off our shoes, began to step down into the water, the two college students of Agartala came to us gating themselves wetted through chest level waters and almost forcibly earned us on their shoulders to other side of the canal. Coming to know from us the deplorable conditions of Bangladesh, they straightly invited us to come to the office of the state congress of Aganala. We delightedly accepted their invitation. Our heart became heavy with excitement and joy. We were walking through the streets of agartala like heroes of Bangladesh liberation war. While accompanying students and peoples, many Curious people al so joined us in the streets. In one time the the settle of our marching began to stand by the site of road and give us passage to go forward. Many of them asked, who ware they? the student relied to them, Bangabandhu’, ‘they are the man of joy Bangla’. At this time they wanted to realize to people by them ‘Bangabandhu’ as the friend of Bangladesh. But till that time they did not know that the people of Bangladesh awarded.

Declaration of major Zia from Chittagong Radio Station

Declaration of major Zia from Chittagong and the message of Independence made on 25th March 1971.

Indeed, the martyr and freedom fighters have our purest feelings and emotions. Days before the dawn of victor,' the nation's teachers, physicians and journalist were picked up. killed and thrown into the marshes of Mirpur and Rayer Bazr in the Dhaka City. A large number of university professors were killed just at the beginning of the Liberation War, on the night of 25 March 1971 when the then Pakistani Army cracked down to inclement its Operation Searchlight on the absolutely unarmed civilian masses of the then East Pakistan. Bangadandhu Sheikh mujidur Rahaman, then the undisputed leader was Arrested, while his political colleagues went underground and through large massacres the occupation army of Pakistan unleashed a reign of terror and genocide. At the appropriate time Ziaur Rahaman, then a major in the East Bangal Regiment revolted and declared independence which was very much inspiring for the people to fight back the enemy. Major Ziaur Raman achieved greatness in that as an army Major at that time, disregarding fatal hazard he played an extraordinarily pivotal role at a critical juncture of our national history by declaring Independence of Bangladesh over the Swadhin Bangla Biplobi Betar Kendra (later named Swadhin Bangla Betar Kendra), the radiobroadcasting center at Kalurghat. Chittgong, on 27th March 1971. And won the hearts of millions of Bangladeshis who were then groaning in anguish and agony und were then subjected to genocide, rape, arson, massacre and all the ugly faces of brutalities perpetrated by the occupation army of Pakistan.

The Government of the Sovereign Stale Of Bangladesh"On behalf of our Great Leader, the Supreme Commander of Bangladesh. Sheikh Mujibur Rahman, we hereby proclaim the independence of Bangladesh.

"And that the Government headed by Sheikh Mujibur Rahman has already been formed. It is further proclaimed that Sheikh Mujibur Rahman is the sole leader of the elected representatives of the seventy-five million people of Bangladesh, and the government headed by him is the only legitimate government of the people of the Independent Sovereign State of Bangladesh, which is legally and constitutionally formed, and is worthy of being recognized by all the governments of the world.

I, therefore, appeal on behalf of our Great Leader Sheikh Mujibur Rahman to the governments of all democratic countries of the world, specially the Big Powers and the neighbouring countries to recognize the legal government of Bangladesh and take effective steps to immediately stop the awful genocide that has been earned on by the army of occupation from Pakistan.

The guiding principle of the new stale will be first, neutrality, second, peace, and, third, friendship to all and enmity to none.

"May Allah help us. Joy Bangla."

Major Ziaur Rahman
27'" March. 1971"

(This is the text of the message broadcast on March 28. 1971, by Maj. Ziaur Rahman, at 7.30 p.m. on the previous day he had declared independence in a similar message broadcast, also from Kalrghat Radio Station.)
We received another message of Independence from Bangabandhu Sheikh Mtijibur Rahman, the father of the Nation. On 25" March 1971. The message is as under:
The Pakistan Army has suddenly attacked the E.P.R. base at Peelktiana and Rajarbag Police Line and killed citizens. Street battles are going on in every street of Dacca-Chittagong.
I appeal to the nations of the world for help. Our freedom fighters are gallantly fighting the enemy to flee the motherland.
I appeal and order you all in the name of Almighty Allah to fight to the last drop of blood to liberate the country. Ask Police, the E.P.R., the Bengal Regiment and the Ansars to stand by you and to fight.
Drive out the last enemy from the holy soil of our motherland. Convey this message to all Awami league leaders, workers and other patriots and lovers of freedom.
May Allah bless you. Joy Bangia...
Sheikh Mujibur Rahman
25th March 1971
By Taking attempts several times and keeping my fingers in the knob of radio throughout the day on 28th March I could hear the limited program of independent Bangla Betar center, the description of which I mentioned earlier. The same condition was on 29th and 30th Match.

Another declaration or Major Zia
Bui from date of 31st March, the independent Bangla Betar (Shadhin Bangla Beter Kendr) all along remained silent. But on 31.3.1971 we heard another declaration of Maj. Zia. The of the declaration is as under:

Declaration
Punjabis have used 3rd commando Battalion in Chittagang City Area lo subdue the Valiant freedom fighters of Sadhin Bangla. But they have been thrown back and many of them have been killed.

Punjabis have been extensively using F-80 Aircrafts to kill the Civilian strongholds and vital points, they are killing the civilians, men, women and children brutally. So far at least two thousands of Bengali civilians have been killed in Chittagong area alone.

The Sadhin Bangla Liberation Army is pushing the punjabi Army from one place to the other.
At present the punjabis have utilized al least two Brigades of Army, Navy and Air Force. It is in fact of combined operation.

I once again request tbe United Nations and the Big powers to intervene and physically come to our aid. Delay will mean massacre of additional millions. SD/=Ziaur Rahman
I tried to connect the foreign radio center. At night I got connection of All India Radio. I heard that in the proposal moved in the Parliament. Sreemati Indira Gandhi blamed for barbarous aggression of West Pakistani soldiers in Bangladesh and invited the people and the governments of all the countries of the world to create pressure for resisting Pakistani armed forces from mass killing. Unanimously accepted the proposal was as follows:

The Parliament expresses profound grief and deep concern about the recent events happening in East Bengal. The armed forces led from West Pakistan jumped upon the people of Ease Bengal to ruthlessly suppress the claims, hopes and aspiration of the latter by a massive aggression.

Instead of giving honour to the will of the people published undoubtedly in the general election held in Pakistan in 1970, the Pakistani Government decided to disobey the mandate of the people.

Pakistani Government not only refused to transfer the power to the peoples' representatives, but also prevented the National Parliament to perform the legitimate and sovereign I role without any legal basis. Adopting the naked power of armed forces, they used bayonet, machinegun, tank, cannon and fighter plane targeting the people of East Bengal.

The Government of India and Indian People always have tried to establish a peaceful, normal and friendly relationship will Pakistan and with this end in view have been working. Since the history, culture and hierarchal reciprocal ties of the people of this Sub-continent is very old, this assembly cannot sit idle at the terrific and awful tragic events happening near the border. The general people throughout the country expressed their undoubted resentment and hatred towards the unprecedented barbaric attitudes towards the innocent and armless people.
The historical national awakening of seven and a half crore people of East Bengal will at last achieve success - this meeting records firm confidence in success on that matter. This meeting further ensures them to that effect that their struggle and dedication will always gain heartfelt sympathy and people of India."
This decision of Indira Gandhi spread like electricity all around. We all got encouragement by heart and the news helped us greatly to erase our helplessness to a great extent. We got strength with this thinking that the great neighbour was with us.

I remembered about my tour in Agartala on 27" March. The Congress Secretary told that day that it was not possible on their part to supply arms without permission of Indian Government. We realized from this news of All India Radio that all out assistance of Indian Government was imminent. The liberation struggle of Bengali nation with Pakistan would continue and Insha Allah we would be successful.

Gradually the days were passing. A news reached Akhaura in the night of 12" April. The news was very important. Thai night a secret meeting was held with the top leaders of Awami League in Agartala circuit house. Though 1 could not get the decision of that meeting, but 1 was excited with joy with the holding of such meeting. Of course we tame to learn afterwards that the revolutionary Government was formed. Since Agartala was the border town, the tight secrecy was maintained about the meeting for the sake of security.

Possession of EPR Camp at Akhaura.

Agartala is the capital of Tippera State of India. Its frontier area is Akhaura. An important junction of East Pakistan Railway. Akhaura. Being adjacent to Tippera. is also heaven for the smugglers. There is a camp office of EPR ac Akhaura frontier. They controlled this region from here. Prior to beginning of battle, non-Bengali members of EPR took possession of the regional office at Akhaura. There were storage of huge arms and ammunition to defend the borders. Till then Akhaura was free and the borders were in control of the freedom fighters.
We planned to free EPR camp. Therefore we formed a combined force comprising our Bengali members of EPR, Asnsar and Bengal Regiment. The local students and people were also linked with that force. To avoid bloodshed, first we decided to invite

the members of the EPR of the camp to surrender. Accordingly we sent a bold Bengali EPR Habilder with while flag at hand proposal for surrender. After one hour he returned and informed us that they would not surrender. Getting no alternative we prepared ourselves for attack. The EPR camp looked like an island. About in all sides around the camp there were low lands with water, canals and beels. There were an old building and some big tin go-downs. In the British period there were shed office of British jute company and jute godowns. From this side a branch of Titas river is flowing. By this naval route British and local merchants used to deal in jute business. During rainy season big size boats came and seaplane float on the river, which 1 saw many times in my childhood. But there was no such youthful charm of Akhaura now. The seaplane of the company did not come and touch this branch river. As if the river also lost her youthfulness and became lean and thin. Akhaura was then somehow a small river port. Many godowns and office were established centering jute businesses. Two or three signs are still standing as evidence of that time.

Rolling afternoon the sun was selling in the west. We were gathering ourselves slowly from the three sides of the island with arms and ammunition. After crossing evening, the night became deeper, and before midnight we began attack upon the camp possessed by non-Bengali members of East Pakistan Rifles. The attack was started from three sides. The other side was entirely beel and vast crop field. Our heavy arms began to roar, Reply was also coming in double.

In the midst of heavy firing that time the crowd began to make slogans "Joy Bangla" from all sides. As if such sky touching lofty sounds trembled the shy and winds. The sound of Joy Bangla of 1971 was dear to al! women, men and children. Facing the bayonets and Rifles the brave Bengalese sacrificed their lives smilingly uttering Joy Bangla In India during anti-British movement, the slogan "Bandc Malaram" was the only successful in creating such reaction.
That day we began to advance with the slogan "Joy Bangla" and whatever we had. Some body had Kulch, spears and somebody had bamboo stick. 1 also entered into the battle with one 303 rifle- We had not sufficient arms and ammunition. On the other hand the enemy had sufficient ammunitions and as a result they began to fire within some intervals. And sounds of Joy Bangla of the general people were coming from all sides.

Before the advent of dawn the sounds of firing were stopped from the enemy sides. Carefully we went to the camp from three sides. By the blow of bullets the enemies retreated and fled away. Before retreating they blew up the go-downs of arms and ammunition. By capturing the camp we did not get any living body except some left out dead bodies of non-Bengali members of East Pakistan Rifles and destroyed arms. The wall of the go-down and its inner condition became disarrayed. But the Pakistani members of EPR fled away through open path by swimming the take. We captured the camp and hoisted the flag Of Independent Bangladesh. Later on we came to know that at the time of retreating the living soldiers of EPR killed some alive villagers in the streets by anger and excitement.